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United Nations - Melbourne Manual for International Law Citation ( MMILC )

United Nations

From MMILC

Contents

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Constitutive Documents

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General Rule

Rule The following format should be used to cite the constitutive documents for the various United Nations bodies:
<Full Title> <pinpoint>.
  • There should be no comma between the title and the pinpoint.
  • Where citing a chapter of the UN Charter as a pinpoint, the 'c' should be capitalised.
Examples Charter of the United Nations art 51.

Charter of the United Nations Chapter VII.

Statute of the International Court of Justice art 65(1).


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Subsequent References to Constitutive Documents
Rule The following format should be used for subsequent references to the constitutive documents for the various UN bodies:
  • UN Charter
  • Statute of the ICJ
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Location

The Charter of the UN is available at:

OR:

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General Assembly Material

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General Rule

Rule Where possible, all of the following information should be included:
<Title>, GA Res <no>, UN GAOR, <no>th Comm, <no>th sess, <no>th pt, <no>th mtg, <no>th Annex, Agenda Item <no>, Supp <no>, UN Doc <no> (<Full date>) <Pinpoint>.
  • There may not be a title, resolution number, committee number, annex number, agenda item or supplement number.
  • The other information should always appear:
  • If the material is a resolution, use ‘GA Res’ followed by the resolution number.
  • If the material cited appears in the Official Records, the organ responsible for the record should be indicated using the abbreviation ‘UN GAOR’.
  • If a UN Committee is responsible for the record, this should be indicated using the abbreviation ‘Comm’ and the number of the Committee.
  • If the material appears in the Official Records, the session number should be included using the abbreviation ‘sess’. If the session is organised into parts, the part number should also be given, using the abbreviation ‘pt’.
  • If it is a plenary meeting, use ‘plen mtg’ instead of ‘mtg’.
  • Where relevant, the annex number (‘Annex’), agenda item (‘Agenda Item’) or supplement number (‘Supp No’) should be included to indicate a separately paginated subdivision within the Official Records. Where the annex does not have a number, just put ‘Annex’.
  • The pinpoint may be a paragraph number (use square brackets) or a page number.
Example Question of East Timor, GA Res 34/40, UN GAOR, 34th sess, 75th plen mtg, UN Doc A/RES/34/40 (21 November 1979).
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Resolution Numbering System

Resolutions 1946–75

Rule During this period, resolutions were identified by the prefix ‘A/RES/-’.
  • The first 3,541 resolutions adopted were consecutively numbered. A Roman numeral in parentheses followed the resolution number to indicate the session at which the resolution was adopted.
  • The Roman numeral may or may not be preceded by a letter to indicate the kind of session:
  • Regular is preceded by nothing (eg XXX);
  • Special is preceded by ‘S-’ (eg S-VI); and
  • Emergency special is preceded by ‘ES-’ (eg ES-V).
Examples GA Res 3485 (XXX), UN GAOR, 30th sess, 2439th plen mtg, UN Doc A/RES/3485 (XXX) (12 December 1975).

GA Res 3201 (S-VI), UN GAOR, 6th special sess, 2229th plen mtg, UN Doc A/RES/3201(S-VI) (1 May 1974).

GA Res 2252 (ES-V), UN GAOR, 5th emergency special sess, 1548th plen mtg, UN Doc A/RES/2252(ES-V) (4 July 1967).

Resolutions 1976 Onwards

Rule The system for resolutions then changed.
  • A new numbering sequence is now established at the beginning of each session.
  • The resolution number is made up of the session number (now in Arabic numerals), followed by ‘/’, then the resolution number.
  • The number still indicates the kind of session:
  • Regular (eg 56;
  • Special (eg S-19); and
  • Emergency special (eg ES-8).
  • The Arabic numerals representing the session number also appear in the third component of the document symbol.
Examples GA Res 36/50, UN GAOR, 36th sess, 70th plen mtg, UN Doc A/RES/36/50 (24 November 1981).

GA Res S-13/2, UN GAOR, 13th special sess, 8th plen mtg, UN Doc A/RES/S-13/2 (1 July 1986).

GA Res ES-8/2, UN GAOR, 8th emergency special sess, 12th plen mtg, UN Doc A/RES/ES-8/2 (14 September 1981).

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Location

  • Resolutions from all sessions are now available online at:

http://www.un.org/documents/resga.htm

  • This site gives you everything you will need:
  • title;
  • full text;
  • meeting number (at the bottom of the full text);
  • session number, etc.
  • Hard copy versions of the Resolutions, published in the Official Records, are available at the ERC:
  • ERC B f (periodicals) 341.133 U58 (1946–2001)
  • ERC B f (periodicals) 341.133 U58 (Index to the Proceedings of the GA 1982–present)
  • For Conventions, Declarations and other instruments contained in GA Resolutions see:
  • The Legal Resource Centre holds an index to UN documents and publications from 1961–2001 (on a computer file).
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Security Council Material

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General Rule

Rule Where possible, all of the following information should be included:

<Title>, SC Res <no>, UN SCOR, <no>th Comm, <no>th sess, <no>th pt, <no>th mtg, <no>th Annex, Agenda Item <no>, Supp <no>, UN Doc <no> (<Full date>) <Pinpoint>.

  • The title of the Security Council resolution appears at the top of the first page of the resolution. In most instances, this will simply be ‘Resolution x’. Do not include the description of the resolution that may appear on the Security Council website.
  • There may not be a resolution number, committee number, annex number, agenda item or supplement number.
  • The other information should always appear:
  • If the material is a resolution, put ‘SC Res’ followed by the resolution number.
  • If the material cited appears in the Official Records, the organ responsible for the record should be indicated using the abbreviation ‘UN SCOR’.
  • If a UN Committee is responsible for the record, this should be indicated using the abbreviation ‘Comm’.
  • If the material appears in the Official Records, the session number should be included using the abbreviation ‘sess’. If the session is organised into parts, the part number should also be given using the abbreviation ‘pt’.
  • If it is a plenary meeting, use ‘plen mtg’ instead of ‘mtg’.
  • The annex number (‘Annex’), agenda item (‘Agenda Item’) or supplement number (‘Supp No’) should be included to indicate a separately paginated subdivision within the Official Records. Where there is no annex number, just put ‘Annex’.
  • The pinpoint may be a paragraph number (use square brackets) or a page number.
Examples UN SCOR, 24th sess, 2110th mtg, UN Doc S/PV.2110(OR) (1 November 1981) 6.

SC Res 678, UN SCOR, 45th sess, 2963rd mtg, UN Doc S/RES/678 (29 November 1990) [2].

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Security Council Numbering System

Rule Resolutions
  • Resolutions are identified by the prefix ‘S/RES/-’.
  • Resolutions are consecutively numbered. The year of adoption in parentheses follows the number.
  • They do not have individual titles, but can otherwise be identified by the subject to which they relate (ie. SC Res concerning the establishment...).

Formal Presidential Statements

  • Prior to 1994: issued in the general SC series (ie using the prefix S/-) with a sequential number following.
  • After 1994: a special prefix is used (S/PRST)/-) followed by four digits representing the year in which the statement was made, and then a sequential number. The sequential number series are established at the beginning of each year.
Example SC Res 837, UN SCOR, 48th sess, 3229th mtg, UN Doc S/RES/837 (6 June 1993).
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Location

Resolutions online from 1946–present

  • This will give you:
  • Full text;
  • Resolution number;
  • Title;
  • Meeting number;
  • BUT: not always the session number (see [[UN Session Numbers]]).

Also in hard copy:

  • ERC B f (periodicals) 341.135 U58 (1946–2000)
  • UniM Law KC 419 UNIT (only vols 1–10)
  • UniM Law Ref KC 419 RESO (Resolutions and Statements of the UNSC (1946–1992): A Thematic Guide)
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Economic and Social Council Material

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General Rule

Rule Where possible, all of the following information should be included:

<Title>, ESC Res <no>, UN ESCOR, <no>th Comm, <no>th sess, <no>th pt, <no>th mtg, <no>th Annex, Agenda Item <no>, Supp <no>, UN Doc <no> (<Full date>) <Pinpoint>.

  • There may not be a title, resolution number, committee number, annex number, agenda item or supplement number.
  • The other information should always appear:
  • If the material is a resolution, put ‘ESC Res’ followed by the resolution number.
  • If the material cited appears in the Official Records, the organ responsible for the record should be indicated using the abbreviation ‘UN ESCOR’.
  • If a UN Committee is responsible for the record, this should be indicated using the abbreviation ‘Comm’.
  • If the material appears in the Official Records, the session number should be included using the abbreviation ‘sess’. If the session is organised into parts, the part number should also be given using the abbreviation ‘pt’.
  • If it is a plenary meeting, use ‘plen mtg’ instead of ‘mtg’.
  • The annex number (‘Annex’), agenda item (‘Agenda Item’) or supplement number (‘Supp No’) should be included to indicate a separately paginated subdivision within the Official Records. Where there is no annex number, just put ‘Annex’.
  • The pinpoint may be a paragraph number (use square brackets) or a page number.
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Economic and Social Council Numbering System

Resolutions 1946–77

Rule
  • Until 1977 the first 2130 resolutions were consecutively numbered.
  • The word ‘Resolution’ was followed by its number in Arabic numerals.
  • This was followed by the session number expressed as a Roman numeral in parentheses. The prefix to the roman numeral indicates what kind of session the resolution was adopted at: regular (no prefix eg XXI) or special (eg S-XX).
  • In 1975 the resolutions were adopted in an organisational session which is indicated by ORG-75.

Resolutions 1978 onwards

Rule
  • The system for resolutions then changed.
  • A new numbering sequence is established at the beginning of each year with Arabic numerals following the four digits representing the year of adoption.

Decisions 1974–77

Rule
  • Decisions were numbered consecutively from 1974–7.
  • From 1975–7 the decisions adopted during the organisational sessions were identified by (ORG-75), (ORG-76) or (ORG-77) following the sequential number.
  • From 1978 onwards the system is identical to that of resolutions now.
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Location

Resolutions online from 1982–present

Older documents (1946 onwards)

Go to the ERC hard copy of the Official Records and its Supplement:

  • ERC B f (periodicals) 341.132 U58E
  • ERC B f (periodicals) 341.132 U58 (Supplement)
  • ERC B f (periodicals) 341.132 U58 (Index to Proceedings of the ESC)
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Trusteeship Council Material

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General Rule

Rule Where possible, all of the following information should be included:

<Title>, UN TCOR, <no>th Comm, <no>th sess, <no>th pt, <no>th mtg, <no>th Annex, Agenda Item <no>, Supp <no>, UN Doc <no> (<Full date>) <Pinpoint>.

  • There may not be a title, resolution number, committee number, annex number, agenda item or supplement number.
  • The other information should always appear:
  • If the material cited appears in the Official Records, the organ responsible for the record should be indicated using the abbreviation ‘UN TCOR’.
  • If a UN Committee is responsible for the record, this should be indicated using the abbreviation ‘Comm’.
  • If the material appears in the Official Records, the session number should be included using the abbreviation ‘sess’. If the session is organised into parts, the part number should also be given using the abbreviation ‘pt’.
  • If it is a plenary meeting, use ‘plen mtg’ instead of ‘mtg’.
  • The annex number (‘Annex’), agenda item (‘Agenda Item’) or supplement number (‘Supp No’) should be included to indicate a separately paginated subdivision within the Official Records. Where there is no annex number, just put ‘Annex’.
  • The pinpoint may be a paragraph number (use square brackets) or a page number.
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Location

Resolutions online

Older documents (1947 onwards)

  • Go to the ERC hard copy of the Official Records and its Supplement:
  • ERC B f (periodicals) 341.132 U58.7
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Other UN Documents

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General Rule

Rule Where possible, all of the following information should be included:

<Author>, <Title>, <resolution no>, <Official Record>, <session no>, <subdivision>, UN Doc <no> (<full date>) [<paragraph pinpoint>].

  • Where the document originates from a body within the UN, cite this as the author.
  • If it is not immediately clear from the name of the body that it is part of the UN, add ‘UN’ to the start of the citation.
Examples Radhika Coomaraswamy, Report of the Special Rapporteur on Violence against Women, Its Causes and Consequences, UN Doc E/CN.4/1995/42 (22 November 1994).

Vienna Declaration and Programme of Action: Report of the World Conference on Human Rights, UN Doc A/CONF.157/23 (12 July 1993).

UN, Offices of the Spokesman for the Secretary-General and the Spokeswoman for the General Assembly President, ‘Daily Press Briefing’ (Press Release, 5 December 2003) <http://www.un.org/News/briefings/docs/2004/db120503.doc.htm> at 1 October 2004.

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Location

  • Final records of the General Assembly, Security Council, Economic and Social Council, Trusteeship Council and Secretariat are all contained in the UN Official Records.
  • Reprints of all the major committee records are published as supplements to the Official Records.
  • The report of the International Law Commission is always published as Supplement 10.

NOTE:

  • There are several indexes to UN documents which are searchable by title, author, UN symbol and subject.
  • The best is Electronic Form (for documents from 1975 onwards): Index to United Nations Documents and Publications (READEX). This is a CD and is available from the LRC Information Desk.
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UN Committees and Other Bodies

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Reports, Resolutions etc

Rule Reports, resolutions and similar documents should be cited in the following form:

<Committee Name>, <Title>, UN Doc <no> (<Full date>) <Pinpoint>.

Examples International Law Commission, Report of the International Law Commission Fifty-Second Session, UN Doc A/55/10 (27 September 2000).


International Federation of Human Rights Leagues, Implementation of General Assembly Resolution 60/251 of 15 March 2006 Entitled "Human Rights Council" UN Doc A/HRC/5/NGO/20 (7 June 2007) 2.

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Individual Communications

Rule Individual communications should be cited in the following form:

<Case Name>, <Committee Name>, Communication No <no>, UN Doc <no> (<Full date>) <Pinpoint>.

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UN Yearbooks

Rule
  • The following format should be used to cite UN Yearbooks:
  • The pinpoint should be a page number:

Yearbooks should be cited in the following form: ‘<Title>’ <[Year]> <Yearbook Name>, vol <no>, UN Doc <no>, <Pinpoint>.

Example

'Formulation of Nurnberg Principles' [1950] Yearbook of the International Law Commission, vol II, UN Doc A/CN.4/22, 191.
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Diplomatic Notes

Rule

The following format should be used to cite Diplomatic Notes

Diplomatic Note from <Sender>, to the UN Secretary-General, regarding <subject>, Note No <no> <(full date if possible)> <URL> at <full date>.

Example

Diplomatic Note from the Permanent Mission of Australia to the UN, to the UN Secretary-General, regarding Australia's Submission to the Commission on the Limits on the Continental Shelf, Note No 89/2004 (November 2004) <http://www.un.org/Depts/los/clcs_new/submissions_files/aus04/Documents/aus_doc_es_attachment.pdf> at 18 May 2007.
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Reports of the Secretary-General

Rule

The following format should be used to cite Reports of the Secretary-General:

UN Secretary-General, <Title of Report>, UN GAOR, <<noth> sess>, Agenda Item <no>, UN Doc <no> <(Full date)> <pinpoint> <( 'Abbreviated Title' )>.

Example UN Secretary-General, International Migration and Development: Report of the Secretary-General, UN GAOR, 60th sess, Agenda Item 54c, UN Doc A/60/871 (19 May 2005) [43].
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Document Symbols

  • For the meanings of the different components of UN Document Symbols and examples see: UN Document Symbols.
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Session Numbers

General Assembly

  • General Assembly documents created from the 31st session (1976) are designated by a document number that incorporates the session number (eg A/31/99).


Economic and Social Council

  • In 1978, the Economic and Social Council adopted a similar system, incorporating the year into documents numbers;;; (eg E/1978/99).


Security Council

  • In 1994, the Security Council did the same, but not for resolutions and meeting records (eg S/1994/99).
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League of Nations Materials

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Covenant of the League of Nations

Rule The Covenant of the League of Nations should be cited in the following form:

Covenant of the League of Nations, art <art>.

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Other Documents

Rule All other League of Nations documents should be cited in the following form:

<Document Title>, League of Nations Doc <no> (<Year>).

The Melbourne University Law Review Association and the Australian Guide to Legal Citation do not endorse these rules and the rules contained in the MMILC do not in any way modify or change the rules contained in the Australian Guide to Legal Citation
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